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        <title>Heinrich Böll Stiftung - Middle East Office</title>
        <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/index.html]]></link>
        <description><![CDATA[By subscribing to this feed you will receive the headlines&nbsp;of all the articles published by the Heinrich Böll&nbsp;Stiftung office in Beirut. To read the entire article, simply click on&nbsp;the articles' headline.]]></description>
        <language>en-GB</language>
        <copyright>© Heinrich Böll Stiftung - Middle East Office, Beirut</copyright>
        <pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2009 16:19:56 +0200</pubDate>
        <atom:link href="http://www.lb.boell.org/web/130.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Art and Archive. Open Call for Proposals]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/koeln_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        
        The City of Cologne and the City of Beirut with their partners welcome art practitioners to apply for a residency in all art disciplines including visual arts, writers, musicians, curators, film makers, art researchers etc. The duration of the residency is 3 months. The applicants are expected to present a project to be inspired by archival practices related to contemporary art creation.<br />
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-802.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 802 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 May 2012 14:22:32 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Syrian Shabiha and Their State]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Yassin_al-Haj_Salih_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        
        
        <p>Yassin al-Haj Saleh, dissects the functioning, motivations, funding and ideology of the Syrian 'shabiha', from their appearance in the 1970s until their reemmergence during the revolution. Saleh shows their central role in maintaining a regime in power that has long lost touch with people’s interests, morality and reality.</p>
        <p></p>
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-801.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Yassin al-Haj Salih]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 801 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 27 Apr 2012 10:15:05 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Yassin_al-Haj_Saleh-The_Syrian_Shabiha_and_Their_State.pdf" length="369533" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Kurds and the Syrian Revolution]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/The_Kurds_and_the_Syrian_Revolution_80.png" alt="" border="0" />
        Despite endemic discrimination and oppression, Syria's Kurds have been hesitant to join the Syrian uprising against the Assad regime. A larger Kurdish participation would significantly impact the course of events, but the various Kurdish political actors have had diverging reactions to the revolution, the role of Turkey and the fate of Kurdish interests in a free Syria.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-800.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Bakr Sidki]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 800 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 27 Apr 2012 06:31:58 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Bakr_Sidqi-The_Kurds_and_the_Syrian_Revolution.pdf" length="278176" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Discourse and Performance of the Syrian Opposition Since the Beginning of the Revolution]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Hazem_Naher_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        This study attempts to understand various issues connected with the political and media discourse, as well as the political performance and achievements, of the Syrian opposition.
        <p>Moving beyond the various flaws that plague the opposition, it seeks to sketch out possible alternatives that could allow these political forces to elevate their discourse and performance to levels that benefit the revolution.</p>
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-788.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Dr. Hazem Nahar]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 788 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 10 Apr 2012 00:03:09 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Hazem_Al-Nahar_The_discourse_and_performance_of_the_Syrian_opposition_since_the_beginning_of_the_revolution.pdf" length="442891" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Judge and Women’s Right to Nationality]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/legal_agenda_nationality_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        On 11 April 2012, on the occasion of the release of Judge John Kazzi’s book 'A Trip of a Lifetime to Nationality' and the reopening of the debate on women’s right to grant nationality to their children, Legal Agenda, Women’s Nationality Rights Campaign and Kafa organized a conference under the title: The Judge and Women’s Right to Nationality.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-787.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 787 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 09 Apr 2012 22:07:41 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Follow up on Climate Change Negotiations]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/UNFCCC_80.gif" alt="" border="0" />
        The Lebanese Commission for Environment and Development (LCED) has been, for several years, working on climate change issues, including mainly research and awareness. The Heinrich Böll Foundation Middle East supported the participation of members of the LCED in several United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conferences of the Parties from Bali to Poznan, Copenhagen, Cancun and Durban.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-778.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 778 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 29 Mar 2012 10:32:15 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Bada’el Issue on Ecological Conversion after the Revolutions ]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/badael-logo_80.gif" alt="" border="0" />
        <em>Ecologia</em> in cooperation with the Heinrich Boell Foundation, Middle East Office is preparing a new issue of Bada’el on the need for ecological conversion after the revolutions in the Arab World.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-774.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 774 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 15 Mar 2012 16:17:23 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Beneath the Liberation Monument all that is Solid Vanishes into Air]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Saad_Salloum.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        A personal account of the motives and dynamics of the Iraqi protest movement that found inspiration in the Arab revolutions.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-771.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Saad Salloum]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 771 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 15 Mar 2012 09:25:04 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[No Freedom without Equality]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/traboulsi_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        Through the slogans of the Arab spring and through historical insights on Arab social movements, Fawwaz Traboulsi reviews the revolutionary path ahead to democratization.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-770.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Fawwaz Traboulsi]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 770 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 14 Mar 2012 11:16:33 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[An Ethical Crisis at the Top of the Judicial Hierarchy]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Legal_Agenda_Judiciary_Rights_and_Freedoms_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        A judge (Ghassan Rabah) presiding a section in the Supreme Court (Court of Cassation), and a member of the Supreme Judicial Council, is accused of negotiating a bribery.<br />
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-760.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 760 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 01 Mar 2012 10:47:37 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Militarization, Violence and the Revolution]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[
        It would mean very little to talk about the increasingly military nature of the Syria revolution, without taking into account the 320 days of conflict with a regime that has used unrestrained violence from the very outset, or the intellectual, political and psychological changes that have taken place in society and the revolutionary movement during these bloody months.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-748.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Yassin al-Haj Saleh]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 748 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Feb 2012 21:28:19 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Perspectives_03-12_Militarization_Violence_and_the_Revolution.pdf" length="401473" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Censorship in Lebanon: Law and Practice]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Censorship_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        
        <p>This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of censorship in Lebanon which will hopefully allow the many local artistic and cultural actors the opportunity to lobby for the most appropriate legislative amendments to the current censorship regulations which are currently not conducive to their work.
        </p>
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-744.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 744 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 21 Feb 2012 08:30:09 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Legislative trends in 2011]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/legal_agenda_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        
        <p>On Thursday,&nbsp; 23 February 2012, in the context of monitoring the legislative activity in Lebanon, the ‘Legal Agenda’ organized a seminar to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the legislation issued in 2011.</p>
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-743.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 743 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 20 Feb 2012 20:44:28 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Revolution as Model and the Image of Tahrir Square... Syrians are Paying a Double Price]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[
        This article by Mohammad Al Attar springs from his very real feelings of bitterness. After ten months have passed, the Syrian regime’s savage machinery of repression continues to chew up those who have risen up against it. Syrian blood lies thick upon the ground and it continues to flow.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-740.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 740 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 2012 15:46:01 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Perspectives_03-11_The_Revolution_as_Model_and_the_Image_of_Tahrir_Square_Syrians_are_Paying_a_Double_Price.pdf" length="444104" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Assad Regime: Controlling Information and the Contradictory Image]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[
        During one of his meetings with a group of Syrian students on May 5, 2011, Bashar Assad mentioned that it was not the demonstrators that bothered him so much as the people who filmed them and sent the images to the media.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-738.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Mustafa Haid]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 738 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 2012 15:24:39 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Perspectives_03-10_The_Assad_Regime_Controlling_Information_and_the_Contradictory_Image.pdf" length="380359" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Is it Winter or Spring for Christians in Syria?]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[
        Since the Arab uprisings began, the Western media has questioned whether the Arab Spring has turned into a ‘Christian winter’, following the tragic outcome of the Maspero demonstrations in Cairo on October 9, 2011. Lebanese Maronite Christian Patriarch Bechara Rai started to stoke fears over Syrian Christians with controversial remarks on the future of Christians in the region. Rai focused on the Syrian uprising, warning that the downfall of the Assad regime would either lead to sectarian civil war, disintegration of Syria into sectarian mini-states or a fundamentalist Sunni regime.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-737.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Doreen Khoury]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 737 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 2012 15:10:42 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Perspectives_03-09_Is_it_Winter_or_Spring_for_Christians_in_Syria.pdf" length="384963" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Syrian Revolution and the New Constitutional Values]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[
        The youths of the revolution broke the wall of fear, and said everything in simple words. They questioned the foundation of their loathsome present and its political roots, and, with their dreams, they are now laying the grounds for a different future.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-735.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Abdulhay Sayed]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 735 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 2012 14:49:34 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Perspectives_03-08_The_Syrian_Revolution_and_the_New_Constitutional_Values.pdf" length="382201" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Dictatorship, Military Intervention, and False Binaries in Syria]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[
        After almost five decades, when the time came to publicly oppose authoritarian rule in Syria, one would have thought that it was the rational and decent thing to do. And it is. More than that, it is incumbent on anyone who cares about Syrians (let us leave “Syria” alone for a moment) to struggle for the establishment of a political system that is free(r) of all forms of oppression. So, what is the problem?<br />
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-734.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Bassam Haddad]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 734 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 2012 14:30:40 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Perspectives_03-07_Dictatorship_Military_Intervention_and_False_Binaries_in_Syria.pdf" length="378639" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Crisis of the Politics of Mumana’ah]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[
        There are ever multiplying attempts to draw a distinction between the policies of ‘mumana’ah’ (a middle ground between ‘steadfastness and ‘forbiddance’) followed by the Syrian regime, and the country’s internal crisis that led to the current popular uprising.<br />
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-733.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Fawwaz Traboulsi]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 733 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 2012 13:48:41 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Perspectives_03-06_The_Crisis_of_the_Politics_of_Mumanaah.pdf" length="369985" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Syrian Revolution and the Role of Turkey]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[
        Turkey is one of the states that is most affected by the Arab revolutions of 2011. Thrown into confusion by the Libyan revolution, the Turkish government then found itself confronted by a popular uprising in Syria. First adopting the role of advisor to its neighbor, its failure to make the Syrian regime enact political reforms conducive to gradual democratic change, soon saw Turkey declare its open support for the Syrian people and their demands.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-732.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Bakr Sidki]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 732 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 2012 13:34:31 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Perspectives_03-05_The_Syrian_Revolution_and_the_Role_of_Turkey.pdf" length="381722" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[No End in Sight to Syria’s Economic Woes]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[
        The Syrian economy did not collapse in 2011, as many, including the Syrian president himself, had predicted, but it has suffered tremendously from the flight of investors, the reluctance of households to spend, a dismal economic policy and international sanctions.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-731.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Jihad Yazigi]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 731 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 2012 11:51:16 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Perspectives_03-04_No_End_in_Sight_to_Syria_s_Economic_Woes.pdf" length="371846" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Narrating Beirut from its Borderlines]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/NBFB_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        Narrating Beirut from its Borderlines is a collection of four small research studies that examine a number of the physical and immaterial borderlines that have come to define the contemporary geography of Beirut and its peripheries since 2005.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-727.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Mohamad Hafeda, Hiba Bou Akar, Dana Mazraani and Massa Ammouri]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 727 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 13 Feb 2012 15:59:38 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Syrian Revolution is an Experiment in the Creation of a People]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[
        Yassin al-Haj Saleh, Syrian writer and dissenter based in Damscus, discusses the revolution's impact on the identity of the social people, the attitude of the regime and the role of international actors.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-726.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 726 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 12 Feb 2012 19:43:15 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Perspectives_03-03_The_Syrian_Revolution_is_an_Experiment_in_the_Creation_of_a_People.pdf" length="374657" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[From the Kingdom of Assad to the Third Republic]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[
        The Syrian republic did not come into being on any fixed date; no date to which all Syrians - or even some of them - can refer to. Modern Syrian history - it hardly has any other kind of history - is a series of struggles for the republic.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-724.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Yassin al-Haj Saleh]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 724 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 11 Feb 2012 20:20:56 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Perspectives_03-02_From_the_Kingdom_of_Assad_to_the_Third_Republic.pdf" length="394644" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Syria: The Current Situation and Possible Solutions]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[
        Ten months ago the peaceful uprising began; three hundred and fifty days, more or less, during which 6,000 people have been killed at a rate of twenty per day and over 100,000 citizens have been arrested or detained. Ten months, while the regime continues to kill citizens its repressive tactics have reached a pitch of savagery unparalleled in the recent history of the Arab world and have led the country down a dark narrow tunnel, destined for the abyss.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-722.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Hassân Abbas]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 722 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 11 Feb 2012 19:33:36 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Perspectives_03-01_Syria_The_Current_Situation_and_Possible_Solutions.pdf" length="390823" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Perspectives #3 February 2012 - Syria's Revolution: Society, Power, Ideology]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Perspectives3_Syria_80.png" alt="" border="0" />
        It is almost a year ago that Syrian citizens, inspired by the revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt, courageously took to the streets in protest against the decades-long denial of their basic rights by the Assad regime.&nbsp;
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-705.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 705 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:13:31 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Where did the judiciary succeed in safeguarding and consecrating basic rights and public freedoms in 2011?]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Legal_Agenda_Judiciary_Rights_and_Freedoms_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        On 26 January 2012, the Legal Agenda in collaboration with the Heinrich Böll Foundation - Middle East Office organized a seminar to review the most important judicial decisions of 2011.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-693.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 693 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jan 2012 19:35:26 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Kherr Berr]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/kherrberr_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        “Kherr Berr” is a media monitor that specializes in overseeing the different types of gender discrimination, including biases based on color, race, religion, appearance, sexual orientation, and social class. Kherr Berr also regulates “social transgressions” found in the media and advertising worlds, like the encouragement of violence against fellow humans in general, and women in specific.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-692.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 692 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jan 2012 13:21:12 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Kalamon ]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/kalamon_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        Kalamon is an Arabic quarterly magazine published in Lebanon. It seeks to provide a free space for articles, essays, studies and literary texts pertaining to the Arab world and aims at stimulating dialogue among intellectuals and academics, artists and critics from the region and the world.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-685.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 685 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 12 Jan 2012 13:30:55 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Legal Agenda - Al Mufakkira Al Qanuniyya]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/legal_agenda_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        Legal Agenda -Al Mufakkira Al Qanuniyya- is a non-governmental, non-profit organization based in Beirut. They aim at lifting the barrier between law and society in Lebanon and the Arab world generally, as to ensure the making of law is not monopolized by those in power and enable average citizens, rather than legal experts alone, to understand and criticize it.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-682.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 682 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Dec 2011 16:48:21 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
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            <title><![CDATA[Women, Revolution, Politics and Power]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Dalal_Bizri_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        During the Arab uprisings, an unprecedented number of women took to the streets, paving the way for a more important role in politics. However, in the transitional period that follows, they now have to fight against their exclusion from the political arena.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-675.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Dalal al-Bizri]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 675 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 08 Dec 2011 13:15:17 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
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            <title><![CDATA[What are we Expecting from the UNFCCC COP 17 Meeting in Durban?]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/LCED_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        Organized by the Lebanese Commission for Environment and Development in collaboration with the Heinrich Boell Stiftung, Middle East Office, the Ministry of Environment and the League of Independent Activists, Indyact.
        <p></p>
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-670.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 670 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 21 Nov 2011 08:26:25 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[There Must Be a Freedom Square - And We Have Set the Date]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Syria80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        From Syria, 8 months after the beginning of the popular uprising, this article offers a personal account of the brutality of the repression and its implications on the lives of human right activists.
        <p></p>
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-668.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Razan Zaitouneh]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 668 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 17 Nov 2011 12:00:32 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
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            <title><![CDATA[Is it Winter or Spring for Christians in Syria?]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Doreen_Khoury_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        Following the popular uprisings, there has been much amount of debate on the future of minority Christians sects in the region. Is the new Arab world hostile to Christians? Is it wise for them to fear the downfall of the Assad regime?
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-659.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Doreen Khoury]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 659 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 11 Nov 2011 10:08:06 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Hanaa Edwar from the Iraqi Al-Amal association awarded the Sean MacBride Peace Prize 2011 by International Peace Bureau]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/HanaaEdwar_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        The International Peace bureau (IPB) is to award the MacBride Prize 2010 to the Heinrich Böll Foundation Middle East's partner Hanaa Edwar for her contribution to the advancement of democracy and human rights as well as her firm stand against violence and war.&nbsp;
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-646.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 646 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 13 Oct 2011 12:42:52 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[3rd Arab Bloggers Meeting in Tunisia]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/AB11_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        3 - 6 October 2011 Global Voices Online, Nawaatand the Heinrich Böll Foundation Middle East co-hosted the 3rd Arab Bloggers Meeting in Tunis with around 100 participants from more than 20 countries.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-640.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 640 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 12 Oct 2011 13:58:49 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Gender Politics Makes a Difference: Experiences of the Heinrich Böll Foundation Across the World]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Gender_Politics_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        The Heinrich Böll Foundation presents some of its experiences -- both setbacks and successes -- in the promotion of gender democracy. It is just a small sample of HBS' work all over the world.  HBS is very much aware that its political and financial contributions are often only part of a larger network; yet its work does make a difference – for more gender justice.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-635.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[by Barbara Unmüßig]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 635 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 27 Sep 2011 19:04:34 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Religion, Politics & Gender Equality UNRISD Research and Policy Brief 11]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/GWI_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        Religion has an important function in the public and political life of many societies that also affects the relations between men and women as well as the right to gender equality.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-619.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 619 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 20 Jul 2011 10:45:37 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Cases of Femicide before Lebanese Courts]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/femicide80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        &nbsp;“Cases of Femicide before Lebanese Courts” is a study that sheds light on some of the crimes committed against women and girls within the context of the family structure and its relations in Lebanon.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-618.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Azza Charara Baydoun]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 618 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 18 Jul 2011 21:23:26 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[To the Death: A survey of the continuing experiences among fighters from Lebanon's Civil Wars]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/tothedeath_80.png" alt="" border="0" />
        No history of the Lebanese civil war can ever be complete if it fails to explain why ordinary Lebanese chose to fight and how they perceive the actions they took during the war. With that in mind, this work has attempted to identify and elucidate some of the many factors that compelled Lebanese to enter the fray.<br />
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-609.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 609 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 07 Jul 2011 10:42:30 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[NGOs and Climate Crisis: Fragmentation, Lines of Conflict and Strategic Approaches]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/System-Change-not-Climate-Change-80.png" alt="" border="0" />
        Climate policy active NGOs and movements are fragmented and characterized by heterogeneous interests. Cleavages exist in important issues and the choice of strategies. A discussion of complementary strategies and division of labor is an urgent need.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-594.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Barbara Unmüßig]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 594 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 15 Jun 2011 12:40:10 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
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            <title><![CDATA[﻿﻿Global Prayers – Redemption and Liberation in the City]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/globalprayers_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        
        
        <p> </p>
        <p>
        </p>
        <p><strong>21 June 2011 6pm to 9pm at Hangar/Umam, Beirut, Lebanon.</strong> Holy Ghost services which feel like pop concerts; cinemas and theatres converted into churches; the Koran and the Bible as rap songs. New religious movements have arrived on the urban scene across the world – be it in Lagos, Rio de Janeiro, Istanbul, Mumbai, Berlin, London, or Beirut.</p>
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-592.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 592 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 14 Jun 2011 10:23:51 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[“Today’s Youth is Tomorrow’s Future!”: Lebanese Politics in the Eyes of Young Sunni Activists]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Francisco_Mazzola_80.png" alt="" border="0" />
        
        <p>Lebanese Politics is characterized by the social and political hegemony of its sectarian elites. The latest political crisis in Lebanon, the fall of Hariris government on January 12th, 2011 and the appointment of Najib Mikati as designated Prime Minister, was somehow a defeat for Saad Hariri. However, by constantly upholding the ‘martyrdom’ of his father’s death, he still manages to secure his power within the community. Through interviews with the youth section members of his Future Movement, this study sheds light on the latest developments in Lebanese politics from the perspective of young Sunni activists.
        <p></p>
        </p>
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-588.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 588 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 08 Jun 2011 11:27:45 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Climate Change and Tourism in Lebanon]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/climatechange_and_tourism_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        Worldwide, the inexorable growth of the tourism sector with its high demand for land and other resources has reignited the debate about the environmental impact of tourism. Given the number of natural attractions in Lebanon on the one hand and the fact that its tourism development is only beginning anew on the other hand, it offers a rare opportunity to sufficiently consider, at least in theory, the interrelations of climate change and tourism from the onset.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-581.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Manja Riebe]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 581 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 08 May 2011 13:35:42 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Perspectives #2 May 2011, Special Issue: People's Power - The Arab World in Revolt]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/02_Perspectives_ME_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        The self-immolation of young and jobless Tunisian Mohamed Bouazizi in the provincial town of Sidi Bouzid, being deprived of his vegetable stand and humiliated by the authorities, triggered popular movements and historic events in the Arab World completely unexpected in their magnitude…
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-579.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[With Contributions from Mouin Rabbani, Fawaz Traboulsi, Ahmad Beydoun, Mohammed Ali Atassi, Hussein Yaakoub, Yassine Temlali, Asef Bayat, Muhammad Ali Khalidi, Terry Regier, Mansoura Ez-Eldin, Aref Hijjawi, Magda Abu-Fadil, Doreen Khoury]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 579 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 26 Apr 2011 07:48:02 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
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            <title><![CDATA[Perspectives - Perspectives - Political Analysis and Commentary from the Middle East]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/index-577.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 577 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 26 Apr 2011 07:38:56 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Perspectives #1 April 2011: Nuclear Energy and the Arab World - Ambition and Peril]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/perspectives_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        
        
        <p>In the first edition of Perspectives Middle East, activists and decision-makers from the Arab world and Europe critically discuss the transfer and use of civilian nuclear energy in the region.</p>
        <p></p>
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-574.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[With contributions from Mohamed Abdel Raouf, Hamed Beheshti, Ali Darwish, Leila Ghanem, Dennis Kumentat und Nikolaus Supersberger, Najib Saab, Larbi Sadiki, und Jürgen Trittin.]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 574 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 04 Apr 2011 15:01:28 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Cartoons and Minarets: Western Depictions of Islam and Muslim Public Protest 10 Years after 11 September]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Tariq_Ramadan_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        On 1-2 April 2011, the Heinrich Böll Stiftung Middle East and the American University of Beirut (AUB) organized a Symposium that shed light on the phenomenon of Islamophobia in the West and the responses of communities across the Muslim world. The debate concentrated on questions of freedom of expression, racism, integration policies, democratic values, critical self-reflection and humor.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-564.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 564 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 21 Mar 2011 14:05:41 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Independent Film & Television College Documentary Film Festival 2011]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Baghdad2011_Poster_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        
        
        <p>In April and May 2011, the Independent Film &amp; Television College (Baghdad) organized a traveling film festival in Iraq where it screened 16 short documentaries made by its students.</p>
        <p>These films, made by young Iraqis at the beginning of their filmmaking experience, all reflect upon the life of ordinary Iraqis in these extraordinary times, through which the country and its people have been living since the fall of the former regime.</p>
        <p></p>
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-560.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 560 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 16 Mar 2011 14:07:13 +0200</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Social Sciences in Arab Countries Facing a Scientific Multi-Versalism: Pathways, Challenges and Constraints]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/AUB_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        
        
        <p>8-9 July 2011 at the American University of Beirut, Lebanon. The emergence of a multi-polar science world with many emerging and strong science communities in East-Asia, India and Latin America and, last but not least, in the Arab countries, indicate the end of the exclusive reign of Western social sciences and the beginning of a new era of international social science collaborations.
        </p>
        <p></p>
        <p></p>
        <p></p>
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-548.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 548 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 21 Feb 2011 10:04:06 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[هل نسقط مرضى جميعاً بفعل التغيّر المُناخي؟ - بدائل العدد 11 – 2011]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Badael_cover_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
        <strong> </strong>إذا كان  التغير المناخي الذي تسبَّبنا به نحن البشر أفضى بنا إلى إفقار الأنظمة الحيوية البيئية، ونضوب الموارد والثروات الطبيعية (الأراضي الصالحة للزراعة، الموارد المائية، المعادن، الغابات الخ..) وإلى المزيد من التصحّر، وانخفاض الإنتاج الزراعي بنسبة ستين في المائة، وإلى تزايد وقوع الكوارث الطبيعية، والمزيد من حركات الهجرة لا بل المزيد من اشتعال الحروب، فمن البديهي أن يكون هناك انعكاس لذلك كله على الصحة، وأن يؤدّي إلى انخفاض متوسط عمر الإنسان.<br />
        يقول جان مارك جنكوفيتشي Jean Marc Jancovici  إن خير وسيلة لقياس مدى التأثيرات الصحية الناجمة عن تغيير المناخ، هو إجراء دراسة علمية إحصائية  تعتمد منهج علم الأوبئة   (épidémiologie) كدراسة أثر التلوّث بدخان السيارات ودخان التبغ مثلاً، أو دراسة التعرّض لهذه أو تلك من الموادّ التي يُفترَض أنها سامّة ( مثل مادة يونون Ionone، ذات الإشعاعات التي تبعث مادة كيميائية لها رائحة البنفسج)، وغيرها من الدراسات..<br />
        <br />
        جان مارك جنكوفيتشي خبير بالتغير المناخي وحائز على دكتوراه من المدرسة العليا للتكنولوجيا وشهادة من المدرسة العليا للاتصالات، لديه خمس مؤلفات حول التغيير المناخي، والاحتباس الحراري، وحول مستقبل المناخ الذي حاز على جائزة روبيرال
        <div>
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        </div>
        </div>
        <div>
        <div id="ftn1">
        </div>
        </div>
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/51-543.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 543 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 08 Feb 2011 14:50:29 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Turkey’s Relations with a Changing Arab World]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/turkish_flag_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" /><SPAN lang=EN-GB>In the past years, </SPAN>Turkey has strengthened its political ties to its Arab neighbors, and economic and cultural interaction is growing. Arab actors are also increasingly calling for Turkey to assume a role in promoting stability in the region and acting as a mediator in its prevailing conflicts.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-536.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 536 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jan 2011 11:28:52 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Tübingen Arab Film Festival 2011]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/arab_film_fest_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
         The Arab Film Festival of Tübingen, Germany encourages dialog between cultures, religions and societies by screening recent movies in Arabic language.
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-531.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 531 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 18 Jan 2011 17:17:41 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[افتتاح المؤتمر الـ 16 للأطراف المعنية بتغير المناخ في كانكون - مصير الكوكب لا يزال تحت رحمة مصير المنافسة في اقتصاد السوق]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[
         <span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">في اجواء من التحفظ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="LTR"></span>
        <span dir="RTL">والقلق والتواضع بدأت امس اعمال المؤتمر الـ16 للاطراف المعنية
        بالاتفاقية الاطارية</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">لتغير المناخ الذي تنظمه الامم المتحدة في كانكون (المكسيك ) بمشاركة
        ممثلين عن 190</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">دولة
        في العالم. التحفظ عبرت عنه دوائر الامم المتحدة بعدم الوصول الى اتفاق جديد،</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">وتواضع الدولة المضيفة مقارنة
        بالتوقعات العالية في مؤتمر العام الماضي الفاشل في</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">كوبنهاغن، لكي لا تحصد الخيبة مجددا.</span></span>
        <p><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="RTL">بقلم حبيب معلوف - جريدة السفير 30/11/2010</span></span></p>
    ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/51-530.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 530 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 14 Jan 2011 12:34:36 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Years of Drought: A Report on the Effects of Drought on the Syrian Peninsula]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Hama-Water-Wheels1.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Years of drought have affected the eastern and northeastern regions of Syria, which are also known as the Syrian “peninsula” or “jazira”, which&nbsp; is considered the (agricultural) backbone of the country,&nbsp; the drought has led to a significant reduction in agricultural production in this area and consequently a decline in the national economy. One of the major consequences of the drought is that it has driven the majority of the population from this area towards the interior governorates in Syria where people have gone in search of a livelihood and shelter. This internal migration has also produced many humanitarian, social and health problems.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-521.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Masoud Ali]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 521 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 14 Dec 2010 13:08:48 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Urban Futures 2030]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Cover_Schriften_zur_Oekologie_Urban_Futures_80px.jpg" alt="" border="0" /><SPAN class=Apple-style-span>Half of the world's population lives in cities.&nbsp;This publication gathers the answers&nbsp;of selected experts&nbsp;to the challenges of&nbsp;sustainable&nbsp;urban planing and architecture.</SPAN>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-516.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 516 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 06 Dec 2010 12:26:16 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Emerging Powers and the Middle East]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/emerging_powers_80px.png" alt="" border="0" />One of the most important focal points of overlapping and competing interests of both established and emerging powers is the Middle East. This region is an arena where the new rules of the game are being developed and acted out. This publication attempts looking at the effects of the global shift of power on the Middle East to explore the perspectives of the region to become a partner in an emerging multi-polar system, rather than a stomping ground or even a battlefield for the interest and the prestige of others.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-515.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[With contributions by Azmi Bishara, Parag Khanna, Hermann Schwengel, Vitaly Naumkin, Ibrahim Saif, Yasmeen Tabaa, Sven Behrendt, Mingjiang LI, Praful Bidwai, Ziad Abdel Samad, and Kinda Mohamadieh.]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 515 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 06 Dec 2010 12:06:27 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Diversity and Female Political Participation: Views on and from the Arab World]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Cover_Diversity_and_Female_Political_Participation_80px.png" alt="" border="0" /><SPAN class=Apple-style-span>What does the political participation of women look like within the immense diversity of the Arabic world? This edition of the Heinrich Boell Foundation’s series on Democracy analyzes the historical and current developments of gender relationships, and the role of women in the politics of Egypt, Morocco, the United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait.&nbsp;</SPAN>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-514.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[With contributions by Claudia Derichs, Hoda Salah, Azadeh Zamirirad, Hala Kindelberger, Dana Fennert, and Vania Carvalho Pinto.]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 514 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 06 Dec 2010 10:52:05 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Climate Change and the Right to Food]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Cover_Climate_Change_and_the_Right_to_Food_80.png" alt="" border="0" />This study highlights how the climate change regime and the human rights regime addressing the right to food have failed to coordinate their agendas and to collaborate to each other’s mutual benefit. It proposes concrete methods by which institutions can address climate change problems and realize the right to food symbiotically, in compliance with the principles of systemic integration under international law.&nbsp;]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-513.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 513 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 06 Dec 2010 10:28:29 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Sudan - No Easy Ways Ahead]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Sudan_80px.jpg" alt="" border="0" /><SPAN class=Apple-style-span>&nbsp;As the six-year transitional period defined in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement draws to a close, Sudan is sliding into another crisis. The Heinrich Böll Foundation, which has been working both with civil society partners in Sudan and on Sudan-related issues in the German context for several years, has put together this publication in order to reflect on such scenarios.</SPAN>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-512.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[With contributions by Alex de Waal, Atta El-Battahani, Marina Peter, John Yoh, Roland Marchal, and Peter Schumann.]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 512 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 06 Dec 2010 09:58:08 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[About Memory, Lies and Oblivion]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Ilan_Halevi_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Memory and historical narratives play a central role in the mechanics of present-day conflicts. All sides aspire to preserve ‘their’ memory by controlling or manipulating the historical narrative in order to secure political power.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-482.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Ilan Halevi]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 482 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 11 Nov 2010 13:06:25 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Arab World Policy for Post-2012 Negotiations]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/post-2012_workshop_80_0.jpg" alt="" border="0" />On October 14 - 15, 2008, the <A title="Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy & International Affairs" href="http://www.aub.edu.lb/ifi/Pages/index.aspx" target=_blank>Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy & International Affairs</A> and&nbsp;the <A title="IndyACT - The league of Independant Activists" href="http://www.indyact.org/" target=_blank>League of Independant Activists -indyACT</A> hosted a two-day workshop in collaboration with the Heinrich Böll Stiftung - Middle east Office to build the capacity of Arab climate change stakeholders and produce a regional statement on climate policy.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-481.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 481 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2010 13:36:50 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[تحديات المجتمع المدني العراقي]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Jamal_Al_Jawahiri_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />يتحدث جمال الجواهري من <A href="http://www.iraqi-alamal.org/" target=_blank>جمعية الأمل العراقية </A>بعد مرحلة السقوط عام 2003&nbsp;عن تحديات المجتمع المدني العراقي وعلى العكس ما يعتقد فأن المجتمع المدني في العراق ليس جديدا تماما ، فمنذ بداية الأربعينات والى&nbsp; سنوات متعاقبة ومن خلال الصراع من أجل الاستقلال ضد الانتداب البريطاني ظهرت وبنشاط واضح الحركات الطلابية والشبابية والنسائية و النقابية ، وأظهرت هذه الحركات قدرة على التحريك و التنسيق والإصرار على لعب دور مهم كعنصر هام من عناصر المجتمع المدني ، إضافة إلى ظهور العديد من المؤسسات الخيرية المختلفة ، والتي عملت في مجال الأمومة والطفولة مثلا ، وأمتد عملها ليشمل حتى المجالين الثقافي والتربوي وازدادت فاعلية تلك المنظمات بعد ثورة 14 تموز من خلال تبنيها قضايا المجتمع وتشكيل قوة ضاغطة على السلطة . <BR>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/19-472.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 472 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 05 Nov 2010 13:58:51 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ المواطنية والهوية: العيش في مجاميع الشتات في أوروبا ما بعد الحرب]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[&nbsp;تبحث ياسمين سويسال في مقالتها&nbsp;عن وضع الشتات، باعتباره مفهوماً موقراً، وضع قوي في خطاباتنا السياسية والفكرية. إن مقالتها تشكك في استخدام الشتات كمقولة تحليلية في شرح تجربة الهجرة المعاصرة. فمن خلال تركيزها بشكل خاص على المحور الإثني للأوطان والمهجر، تتجاهل النظريات التي تتناول الشتات تجاوزات الجانب القومي ولا ترى الديناميكيات والطوبوغرافيا الجديدتين للعضوية. وأقتراح تحقيق منظور أكثر إنتاجية عن طريق تركيز قدرتنا التحليلية على المواقع المتكاثرة لتحقيق المواطنية وتطبيقها. ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/19-471.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 471 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 04 Nov 2010 14:36:17 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[تدريب القضاة العراقيين على النوع الاجتماعي]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[نظمت مؤسسة هينرش بُل-مكتب الشرق الأوسط في سنتها الثانية لبرنامج تدريب القضاة العراقيين على النوع الاجتماعي ورشة تدريبية من 4 الى 9 تموز/يوليو 2009&nbsp;في بيروت، وشارك فيها 22&nbsp; قاضٍ من&nbsp;محاكم الأحوال الشخصية، رئيس مجلس القضاء الأعلى ورئيس هيئة النزاهة. خلال الورشة قامت المؤسسة بعدة مقابلات مع قضاة، برلمانيين وناشطين في العمل المدني وكانوا مشاركين في الورشة التدريبية حول حقوق المرأة، الفساد في العراق وعمل وتطور المجتمع المدني العراقي منذ 2003.&nbsp;هذه المقابلات وضعت باللغة الأنجليزية على الصفحة الأنجليزية للموقع.
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/19-468.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 468 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 03 Nov 2010 13:21:09 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[State Building in Divided Societies of the Post-Ottoman World]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/state_building_conference_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />This conference held in Beirut on September 24-25 September 2010 in collaboration with the <A title="Lebanese Sociology Association" href="http://www.lb.refer.org/sociologylb/lsa/anglais/presenta.htm" target=_blank>Lebanese Association of Sociology</A> examined the cases of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iraq and Lebanon, three countries that have experienced civil strife, war and state collapse as a result of politicized sub-national identities and have recently undergone a (re)building process with significant input by the international community.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-404.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 404 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 14 Oct 2010 09:44:33 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Cultural Practices of Arab Youth - Volume XIV 2009-2010]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Cultural_Practices_of_Arab_Youth_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />The latest volume of collected articles and essays published by <A title="Bahithat - Lebanese Association of Women Researchers" href="http://www.bahithat.org/" target=_blank>Bahithat</A> (The Lebanese Association of Women Researchers) analyzes and contextualizes contemporary cultural practices and forms of entertainment applied by young people (aged 15 – 24 years) in several Arab countries and in the Diaspora.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-403.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 403 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 13 Oct 2010 14:06:42 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A Tribute to Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/abu_zayd_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />On 12 October 2010 a number of Dr. Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd’s close friends and Arab intellectuals paid him tribute by giving testimonies on his life and work. The event&nbsp;was concluded with the documentary film “Waiting for Abu Zayd” by Mohammad Ali Al Atassi. ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-390.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 390 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 27 Sep 2010 11:42:38 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[No Plan? ... Money rules! Lebanon’s Construction Boom and the Challenges to Urban and Environmental Planning]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/suburbs_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" /><SPAN lang=EN-US>While a number of countries slid into recession during the year 2008, Lebanon witnessed spectacular economic growth rates. Most of the growth is, however, due to the recent boom in the construction sector. Not only is this development over-heated, it is also largely taking place without any planning, or the implementation of state or communal regulations.</SPAN>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-384.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Waltraud Frommherz-Hassib]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 384 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 24 Sep 2010 10:17:15 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ Streets of Beirut - Self and the Encounter with ‘the Other’]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/steven_seidman_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Steven Seidman argues “that the culture of Hamra tolerates considerable diversity in personal styles and itineraries, but non-sectarian others (gender, sexual, and ethnic) are sites of anxiety and mistrust; they survive on the borders or back regions of Beirut.” Published in Cooperation with Idafat: the Arab Journal of Sociology]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-382.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Steven Seidman]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 382 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Sep 2010 13:47:12 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Green Wars? Environment between Conflict and Cooperation in the Middle East and North Africa]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/HB_GW_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />This conference&nbsp;was held on November 2-3, 2007 and tackled the darker side of the environment-conflict-nexus, but also the opportunities for find common ground over environmental issues.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-372.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 372 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 20 Sep 2010 08:09:55 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[What is to be Done? ]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/umam_event_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Lebanon's war memory: series of workshops and public cultural events on questions of memory, truth seeking, reconciliation, justice and accountability initiated by <A title="UMAM Documentation and Research" href="http://www.umam-dr.org/" target=_blank>UMAM Documentation and Research</A>.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-371.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 371 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 20 Sep 2010 07:14:52 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Second Arab Bloggers’ Meeting]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/blogger_2009_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Over 60 Arab bloggers participated in the 2009 Second Arab Blogger’s Meeting (AB09) organized by the Heinrich Böll Foundation and <A href="www.globalvoices.org" target=_blank>Global Voices Online</A>.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-370.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 370 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 14 Sep 2010 14:19:14 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Female Arab Techies Meeting]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/arab_techies_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />On&nbsp;May 11 -14 2010, 35 women from 10 countries gathered in Beirut for the first meeting of female Arab ITs&nbsp;to strengthen their role of female techies in male-dominated communities.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-364.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 364 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 13 Aug 2010 15:40:26 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ The Myth of Nuclear Power]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/nuclear_powr_myth_80.png" alt="" border="0" />The myth of nuclear power keeps persevering. Therefore the Heinrich Böll Foundation has commissioned renowned international nuclear experts to deliver detailed facts central to the myths of nuclear energy. This overview provides the public with a current, facts rich and nuclear-critical know-how.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-363.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 363 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 13 Aug 2010 15:05:37 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ MNSG – Navigating the Space between Exile and Home]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Double_Jeopardy_publication_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />A publication by <A href="http://www.offlinebaghdad.org/" target=_blank>offline:events</A> in collaboration with independent Iraqi artists, filmmakers, and authors documenting the lives of Iraqis navigating the space between home and exile and lending Iraqi refugees and those living in exile a voice to express their realities and reflections inter alia on notions such as Homeland and Exile, East and West, and Identity]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-362.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 362 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 11 Aug 2010 14:49:48 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ What Can Europe Do in Iraq? Recommendations for a New U.S.-European Collaboration]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/europe_iraq_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />This publication describes a new start of cooperation between Europe, the United States, and regional partners in the Middle East to tackle the challenges in Iraq and to help bring peace, stability, and sustainable development to the wider region.
<P>With contributions by Layla Al Zubaidi, Bülent Aras, Megan Chabalowski, Richard Gowan, Faleh Jabar, Daniel Korski, Sami Moubayed, Daniel Serwer, and Heiko Wimmen</P>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-361.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 361 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 11 Aug 2010 14:26:05 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ Cities of the South: Citizenship and Exclusion in the 21st Century]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Cities_of_the_South_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Major cities worldwide are caught in a whirlwind of change that is turning urban spaces into strategic sites where history is being rewritten. Migration, civil society and an array of national and transnational players are transforming assumptions about citizenship in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Latin America. From the slums of Mumbai to the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, from the skyscrapers of Dubai to urbanizing Palestinian refugee camps, the new cities are altering the answers to one of mankind's oldest questions: where do I belong?]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-360.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 360 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Aug 2010 15:59:49 +0200</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ Signs of Conflict: Political Posters of the Lebanese Civil War]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Signs_of_Conflict_ar_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />From 1975 to 1990, different factions in Lebanon’s civil conflict flooded the streets with posters to mobilize their constituencies, undermine their enemies, and create public sympathy for their cause. This is how the military performance on the front lines and on demarcation lines was in junction with another kind of conflict rotating around the image and words and the symbolic claiming of territory and land.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-359.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 359 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Aug 2010 15:38:24 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[What a Story: Children’s Literature Today]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Childrenliterature_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Children’s literature in Lebanon nowadays is characterized by its dynamic development which shows through different traditional and contemporary narrations. Nevertheless, there are a number of factors that prevent the development of innovative children’s literature such as a lack of analytical studies, its quality, the absence of not modern issues (such as gender, conflict, environmental issues etc), and a lack of opportunities to exchange different experiences on the local, regional or international levels.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-358.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 358 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 05 Aug 2010 14:58:15 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Gender Politics Makes a Difference - Experiences of the Heinrich Böll Foundation Across the World]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Gender_Politics_Makes_a_Difference_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />All over the world, gender relations are changing. Economic and cultural upheavals are giving rise to ever new ways of life and work. When those changes benefit women, that is usually due to the work of feminist networks, small and larger-scale gender-oriented organizations, and courageous individuals. They resist their social and political exclusion, the impoverishment of their lives, oppression, and violence. Sexual minorities, too, are defending themselves against oppression and discrimination, seeking allies all over the world. More and more men are also committing themselves to a gender-sensitive politics.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-355.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 355 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 02 Aug 2010 17:52:22 +0200</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Walking the Line]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/walking_the_Line_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />The Heinrich Böll Stiftung, the German Development Service, the Forum Civil Peace Service and the Working Group on Development and Peace jointly commissioned a study as to understand more the conflict and peacebuilding context and for reflection on options for peacebuilding by German development and peace organisations.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-354.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 354 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 02 Aug 2010 17:00:04 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Anywhere but Now]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/abn_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />This international symposium and the accompanying film screenings took place April 2-4, 2009 and explored the landscapes and passions of belonging, the struggle over sovereignty and the fragile sense of concepts such as "home" and "now" in the lands of the Eastern Mediterranean. Film Screenings in Cooperation with <A href="http://www.arteeast.org/" target=_blank>Arte East</A>.
<P>&nbsp;</P>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-353.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 353 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 02 Aug 2010 16:20:57 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[‘All that is banned is desired.’]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/All_that_is_banned_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />The report is a documentation of a regional conference "Freedom of Expression in Music", that was held in Beirut from 7 to 8 October 2005, in collaboration with Freemuse - World Forum on Music and Censorship and Irab-Arabic Association for Music.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-340.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 340 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 07 Jul 2010 16:54:51 +0200</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Waiting for the Barbarians - A Tribute to Edward Said]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/wftb_edwar_Said_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />In engaging with the richly varied and seminal scholarship of Edward Said, Waiting for the Barbarians aims to recover the notion of culture as a collective, hybrid and plural experience, inlight of the political imperative that rules our present. In bringing together some of the figures most closely associated with Said and his scholarship, this comprehensive volume looks at Said the literary critic and public intellectual, Palestine, and Said’s intellectual legacy: the future through the lens of his work.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-339.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 339 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 07 Jul 2010 16:42:33 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ Unpacking the Dynamics of Communal Tensions: a Focus Group Analysis of Perceptions Among Youth in Lebanon]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Unpacking_the_Dynamics_En_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />'Unpacking the Dynamics of Communal Tensions: A Focus Group Analysis of Perceptions among Youth in Lebanon' is a pilot study on a prevailing trend in Western Asia, namely communal tensions. The study aims to dismantle the dynamics of communal tensions through a focus group analysis that targets the largest segment of the Arab population: youth between the ages of 18 and 25. Lebanon is used as a case study to steer the debate and increase the understanding of the factors fermenting communal tensions that are the root causes of conflict.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-338.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 338 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 07 Jul 2010 16:13:50 +0200</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ Tales of the Badia - Bedouin Folk Tales from Lebanon]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/pub_bedouin.jpg" alt="" border="0" />This book, written by a woman of the Bedouin community in the Lebanese Bekaa valley, is a compendium of some of the Bedouin tales (Sawalef) orally transmitted in the Abu Eid community. The tales are recounted in Bedouin dialect. By making public some of the oral history of that community, the books sheds light on the life of the marginalized Bedouins of Lebanon.
<P><EM></EM>&nbsp;</P>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-337.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 337 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 02 Jul 2010 17:39:40 +0200</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Bada’el Issue on “Health, Epidemics and Climate Change”]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/badael_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Bada’el is a Lebanese environmental magazine published by the Lebanese Association <EM>Ecologia</EM>. With the support of the Heinrich Boell Foundation, an issue of Badae’l on “Health, Epidemics and Climate Change”&nbsp;will be&nbsp;released in September 2010. ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-336.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 336 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 02 Jul 2010 16:33:26 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[ Sustainable Bedouin Livelihoods in a Changing World: Surviving Droughts, Policies and Markets – Phase 2 ]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Sustainable_Bedouin_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />The <A title="Issam Fares Institute" href="http://www.aub.edu.lb/ifi/" target=_blank>Issam Fares Institute of the American University of Beirut</A> initiated this project aiming at understanding the impact of political, economic and environmental change, including climate change, on a marginal Bedouin community in the Bekaa plain, Lebanon in 2009.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-335.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 335 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 02 Jul 2010 15:40:07 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[ Promoting Sustainable Construction in Lebanese Universities]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/SD_universities_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />MAJAL, the Academic Urban Observatory, initiated in 2008 the project entitled “<A href="http://www.majal-lebanon.com/sustainableCompetition.php" target=_blank>Promoting Sustainable Construction in Lebanese Universities</A>” aiming at raising awareness on specific sustainable construction techniques in schools of architecture across Lebanon thus inciting students to apply sustainability standards in their design projects and encouraging school administrations to introduce classes on sustainable construction in their curricula.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-334.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 334 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 02 Jul 2010 14:58:23 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-302.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 302 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 15 Jun 2010 13:42:21 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ Homosexuality, Bisexuality: Myths and Realities]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Myth_Reality_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Homosexuality is a subject that induced the persecution of a lot of individuals and the shed of their blood.
<P>The situation in Lebanon is not as dangerous as in other countries in the Arab world for those individuals whose sexual orientation does not comply with that of the majority, but it is not less serious. Threats of death, humiliations, blackmails, attacks, marginalization, discriminations, rejections, depressions, suicide attempts, shame, guilt, emotional life ruined, isolation, are in great majority the load of the openly or clandestinely homosexual persons living in homophobic&nbsp; societies. </P>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-294.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 294 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 19 May 2010 10:34:15 +0200</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Bareed Mista3jil]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Bareed_Mistaejel_en_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />MEEM launched in 2009 the book “Bareed Mista3jil”: a collection of 40 true stories from voices in Lebanon that we seldom hear. Their common thread is that they are all from persons of non-conforming sexualities and gender identities, the life of queer women and transgender in Lebanon.
<P>Published by <A title=MEEM href="http://www.meemgroup.org/" target=_blank>MEEM</A> and with the support of the Heinrich Boll Foundation-Middle East Office</P>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-292.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 292 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 08 Apr 2010 13:35:56 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[LGBTQ Project]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[These projects include activities that struggle for equal citizenship rights and combat discrimination of persons with non-conforming sexualities and gender identities <BR>Homosexuality and other non-conforming sexual identities have always existed in the Arab World. Even though heterosexuality is still the only recognized and acknowledged sexual identity, the history of the region is filled with homo-erotic art and poetry, same-sex relations and subversive patterns of behavior. It is true to say that non-heterosexual persons suffer from homophobia, discrimination, threats and humiliation. Yet in recent years, for example in Lebanon, there has been a significant rise in movements aiming at granting more visibility and rights to those marginalized groups. <BR>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-290.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 290 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 08 Apr 2010 13:11:57 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Climate Change – Intelligent Energy Policies – Nuclear Energy]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/summer_school_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Heybeliada/Istanbul-Turkey<BR><STRONG>3 – 8 July 2010</STRONG>
<P>Heinrich Böll Foundation, represented by its offices in <A title="Heinrich Böll Stiftung, Istanbul Office" href="http://www.boell-tr.org/" target=_blank>Istanbul</A>, <A title="Heinrich Böll Stiftung, Ramallah Office" href="http://www.boell-ameo.org/" target=_blank>Ramallah</A> and Beirut, has hosted a Regional Summer School on “Climate Change, Intelligent Energy Policies and Nuclear Energy” in Istanbul, Turkey from July 3 – 8, 2010.</P>
<P>Participants from Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and Turkey had been selected to attend the Regional Summer School.</P>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-275.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 275 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 30 Mar 2010 12:50:16 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[A Rocky Road Ahead: Combating Corruption in Iraq]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Judge_Raheem_Al_Okaily_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />On July 9, 2009, Layla Al-Zubaidi and Doreen Khoury of the Heinrich Böll Foundation’s Middle East Office in Beirut interviewed Judge Raheem Hassan Al-Okaily, President of the Iraqi Commission on Public Integrity since January 2008.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-267.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Interview by Layla Al-Zubaidi and Doreen Khoury ]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 267 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Mar 2010 15:53:10 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Interview_Judge_Raheem_Okaily.pdf" length="171148" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
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            <title><![CDATA[The New Iraqi CSO Law (January 2010)]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[Jamal Al-Jawahiri comments on the new law that regulates the work of civil society organizations (CSOs).]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-266.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 266 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Mar 2010 15:02:30 +0200</pubDate>
        </item>
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            <title><![CDATA[Iraqi Civil Society at the Crossroads]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Jamal_Al_Jawahiri_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />On July 8th 2009, Layla Al-Zubaidi and Doreen Khoury of the Heinrich Böll Foundation’s Middle East Office in Beirut interviewed Jamal Al-Jawahiri of the Iraqi Al-Amal Association, a long-standing partner organization of the Foundation. Our conversation concentrated on the development of Iraqi civil society since 2003 and the challenges it faces, as well as Iraqi Al-Amal’s campaign to amend the draft NGO law.&nbsp; ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-265.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Interview by Layla Al-Zubaidi and Doreen Khoury]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 265 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 19 Mar 2010 13:38:15 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Jamal_Interview_EN.pdf" length="139054" type="application/pdf" />
        </item>
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            <title><![CDATA[Iraqi Women and the National Personal Status Law]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/judge_secretery_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />The Heinrich Boell Stiftung Office in Beirut held a joint workshop with the <A title="Iraqi Amal Association" href="http://www.iraqi-alamal.org/english/index.htm" target=_blank>Iraqi Al Amal Association</A> on July 4-9, 2009, entitled “National Iraqi Laws and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).”&nbsp; The main participants were Iraqi personal status law judges who contributed with their experience on personal status law issues and the rights of women. The article below summarizes the main issues concerning the Iraqi Personal Status Law. It also includes comments by Hanaa’ Edwar of the Iraqi Amal Association, as well as details of a ruling issued by Judge Salem Rawdan Al-Moussawi, who attended the Beirut workshop, as an example of a personal status matter dealt with by a state judge.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-263.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 263 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 19 Mar 2010 10:01:41 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[ Gender Training for Iraqi Judges in Family Courts]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[The Heinrich Böll Stiftung organized its second annual Gender Training Workshop for Iraqi Judges on 4-9 July 2009 which was attended by 22 family court judges, the Head of the Iraqi Higher Judicial Council as well as the President of the Iraqi Commission on Public Integrity. 
<P>Heinrich Böll Stiftung&nbsp;staff conducted several interviews with judges, MPs, and civil society activists attending the workshop on women’s rights, corruption in Iraq, and the work and development of Iraqi civil society since 2003. These interviews are contained in this dossier.</P>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-260.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 260 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 18 Mar 2010 23:51:45 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Amendments to the Personal Status Law in Iraqi Kurdistan strengthen women’s rights]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/judge_mp_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />On July 8, 2009, Layla Al-Zubaidi of the Heinrich Böll Foundation’s Middle East Office in Beirut interviewed Kurdish Judge Mohammad Amin Al-Shirfani and Kurdish MP Karim Bahri Bradoust on the new Personal Status Law and the implications of the new amendments on women’s rights in Kurdistan.&nbsp; ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-258.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Interview by Layla Al-Zubaidi ]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 258 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 18 Mar 2010 23:27:12 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Interview_Kurdish_MP_Judge.pdf" length="143510" type="application/pdf" />
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[To find the contact information click on the more.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/48-242.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 242 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 27 Feb 2010 14:42:12 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Beyond Guantánamo - Restoring U.S. Credibility on Human Rights]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Democracy_Beyond_Guantanamo_80.png" alt="" border="0" />How to restore the credibility of a country whose foundations and self-understanding are based on the universality of freedom and human rights, but that has violated precisely those rights by practicing torture in Guantánamo and other prisons around the world? ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-239.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[By Thomas C. Hilde]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 239 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 27 Feb 2010 14:25:02 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/Beyond_Guantanamo.pdf" length="520450" type="application/pdf" />
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            <title><![CDATA[Emerging Powers and the Middle East]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/ep_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />In Collaboration with <A href="http://www.carnegie-mec.org/">The Carnegie Middle East Center</A>
<P>This conference held in Beirut, October 24-25, 2008&nbsp;looked at the Middle East as a focal point of overlapping and competing interests of established and emerging powers, bringing together Chinese, Indian, Russian, Western and Middle Eastern specialists on international relations, who&nbsp;were encouraged to merge their perspectives into a comprehensive vision.</P>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-238.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 238 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 27 Feb 2010 13:58:22 +0200</pubDate>
            <enclosure url="http://www.lb.boell.org/downloads/EP_report.pdf" length="728427" type="application/pdf" />
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Access to Rights – Rights to Resources: A Cross-cutting Campaign for Environmental, Economic and Social Rights]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/greenline_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Green Line’s mission is to promote environmental awareness and document environmental threat in order to better confront them, thus introducing change at the community level within the concept of sustainable development.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-236.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 236 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 17:33:27 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Regional Gender and Inclusive Citizenship Program]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/nationality_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />CRTD.A, the Collective for Research and Training on Development-Action, is a Beirut-based NGO which seeks to contribute to the social development of local communities and organizations through enhancing capacities particularly in gender analysis, gender and development, poverty and exclusion, for the purpose of contributing to creating a more just and equitable environment.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-235.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 235 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 16:31:15 +0200</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Making Public Libraries into Public Spaces]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/assabil_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Assabil is committed to the establishment and promotion of public libraries in Lebanon that are free and open to all.&nbsp;Public libraries play an important role in the development of individuals and societies and thus free and unlimited access to information is an essential prerequisite for the development of a well-informed citizenry and democratic society. ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-232.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 232 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 16:02:13 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Platforms for Critical Intellectual and Cultural Exchange]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/ashkal_alwan_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
<P><A title="Ashkal Alwan" href="http://www.ashkalalwan.org/" target=_blank>Ashkal Alwan</A> - The Lebanese Association for Plastic Arts, <SPAN class=apple-style-span>initiates and promotes critical artistic practices and continuously works to document and build an archival record of contemporary intellectual and creative activity.</SPAN> Ashkal Alwan organizes the Home Works Forum, which is a multidisciplinary project that brings together artists, writers and intellectuals to present their works over a 10-day period through a calendar of events open to the public. </P>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-229.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 229 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 15:10:46 +0200</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ At the Edge of the City - Reinhabiting Public Space toward the Recovery of Beirut’s Horsh Al-Sanawbar]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/Horsh_cover_back_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Since the early 1990s, Beirut’s Park, Horsh Al-Sanawbar, was sealed off from the lives of many Beiruti residents and visitors, with numerous justifications for their exclusion. At the Edge of the City aspires to chart an alternative discourse from that which produces this exclusion. Through exploring issues of advocacy and politics, the book aims to provide a platform to contest the existing governance of Horsh Al-Sanawbar and to bring forward a well-informed public space policy agenda.

<P>Published by DISCURSIVE FORMATIONS with the support of Heinrich Böll Stiftung – Middle East Office</P>]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-226.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 226 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 11:53:49 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[ “America” in Beirut Art Center]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/logoamerica_80_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" /><A title="Beirut Art Center" href="http://www.beirutartcenter.org/exhibitions.php?exhibid=71&statusid=3" target=_blank>Beirut Art Center’s </A>exhibition and event series America reflected on what the United States of America mean in our collective unconscious. The exhibition featured sixteen works by artists of different nationalities and backgrounds, living inside and outside of the US. Whether they focus on people, urban environment or natural landscape, whether they dwell on pivotal historical moments or mundane ones, all these works reflect on aspects of American cultural, social and political life that have become of universal relevance.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-225.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 225 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Feb 2010 07:18:40 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Slow Trade - Sound Farming: A Multilateral Framework for Sustainable Markets in Agriculture]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/slow_trade_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Within the Workshop "Food Sovereignty vs. Free Trade, Towards an Alternative Multilateral Agricultural Governance Framework" organized by the Green Line Association, the launching of the Arabic version of the "Slow Trade - Sound Farming: A Multilateral Framework for Sustainable Markets in Agriculture", will take place. This publication was developed by the Heinrich Böll Foundation and <A title=MISEREOR href="http://www.misereor.org" target=_blank>MISEREOR</A>.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/114-222.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 222 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Feb 2010 06:54:41 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Damascus: Tourists, Artists, Secret Agents]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/ri_pub_finalcover_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />This book&nbsp;concludes an artistic research project which took place in Damascus in October 2008 and through an online platform in the months before and after. The project “Reloading Images: Damascus / Work in Progress 2008” brought together cultural practitioners from Syria, Germany, Argentina, Spain, Italy, Turkey, USA, Egypt and Slovakia to discuss forms of artistic agency and work together on artistic projects taking the city of Damascus as a starting point.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-220.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 220 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Feb 2010 06:28:54 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[ ]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/teaser_Heinrich_Boell_80x80.JPG" alt="" border="0" />Heinrich Böll is one of the most important and best-known writers of the Federal Republic of Germany. "Bound by the times and my contemporaries, to what my generation has lived through, experienced, seen, and heard," as he himself wrote, he was the critical chronicler of Germany’s history at mid-century.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/118-217.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 217 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 21 Feb 2010 17:39:48 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/216.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 216 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 21 Feb 2010 17:22:32 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[ ]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/hbs_beirut_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />The Middle East Office of the Heinrich Boell Foundation has been opened in 2004. For many organisations and individuals, we have become a partner for activism and formation of networks, provider of international contacts, observer and analyst in the region.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/118-206.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 206 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2010 16:59:39 +0200</pubDate>
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            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/118-204.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 204 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2010 16:51:16 +0200</pubDate>
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            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/200.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 200 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2010 15:40:35 +0200</pubDate>
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            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/198.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 198 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2010 15:21:52 +0200</pubDate>
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            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/196.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 196 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2010 14:58:00 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[Throughout the countries of the Middle East, citizens view the state with suspicion. State institutions are often experienced as biased towards the powerful, corrupt and predatory, and as a sometimes violent means to safeguard the position of a ruling elite, or the domination of one part of the population over others. Participation, on the other hand, is mostly reduced to elections of questionable representational value, or relies on informal channels and structures and primordial relations, and thus reinforces existing patterns of subordination and power. The program Democracy supports initiatives that demand accountability and due process and encourage citizens to become aware, active and organized around issues of (gender-)democratic participation, freedom of expression and sustainable development.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-195.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 195 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2010 14:53:04 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/194.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 194 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2010 14:43:20 +0200</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ ]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[Throughout the countries of the Middle East, citizens view the state with suspicion. State institutions are often experienced as biased towards the powerful, corrupt and predatory, and as a sometimes violent means to safeguard the position of a ruling elite, or the domination of one part of the population over others. Participation, on the other hand, is mostly reduced to elections of questionable representational value, or relies on informal channels and structures and primordial relations, and thus reinforces existing patterns of subordination and power. The program Democracy supports initiatives that demand accountability and due process and encourage citizens to become aware, active and organized around issues of (gender-)democratic participation, freedom of expression and sustainable development.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-193.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 193 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2010 14:18:36 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[ The Lebanese Parliamentary Elections: A Surprise, But No Real Change ]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/lebanese_elections_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />Lebanon’s recent parliamentary elections, which resulted in a surprise victory for the pro-Western March 14 coalition after months of prediction that the Opposition would win, contradicted many of the myths and narratives that had surrounded the election since the signing of the Doha Accord in May 2008. Myths that were disproved were linked to each camp’s strengths and weaknesses as well as an overestimation of the election’s significance in terms of Lebanon’s future.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-189.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Doreen Khoury]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 189 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 02 Dec 2009 14:34:59 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Bloggers meeeting ]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[The Heinrich Boell Stiftung AMEO, the Heinrich Boell Stiftung MEO and Global Voices will organize the Second Arab Bloggers Meeting in Beirut from the 8th till the 12th of December 2009.]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/52-187.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 187 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 09:30:08 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[Arab Views on the Developments in Iran]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/mubayed_80.jpg" alt="" border="0" />The Iranian elections have raised a stir in the Arab media and vibrated strongly in Arab capitals. Media outlets close to the positions of Syria, Hizbullah, and Qatar show a clear bias towards the Iranian official line, while outlets close to the camp that fears Iran, especially in the Arab Gulf, anticipate a breakdown of the Iranian government, similarly to the revolution of 1979. Sami Moubayed however doubts that that the current events will lead to radical changes and suggests that while Iran’s Arab allies will stay put, waiting for it to settle its internal affairs, Iran’s adversaries will eventually face disappointment. ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-181.html]]></link>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Sami Mubayed]]></dc:creator>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 181 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 15:06:30 +0200</pubDate>
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            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/180.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 180 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 15:03:12 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-177.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 177 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 14:44:01 +0200</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Headline]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[This is the teaser text]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/49-175.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 175 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 16:18:55 +0200</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ ]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[<img style="float: left; margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px" src="http://www.lb.boell.org/images/pics/gruener_pfeil_ampel80px.jpg" alt="" border="0" />The Heinrich Böll Foundation is part of the Green political movement that has developed worldwide as a response to the traditional politics of socialism, liberalism, and conservatism. Our main tenets are ecology and sustainability, democracy and human rights, self-determination and justice. ]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/118-174.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 174 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 15:47:23 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[About US]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/156.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 156 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 08 Nov 2009 16:54:24 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/154.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 154 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 08 Nov 2009 16:38:30 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/148.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 148 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2009 13:27:05 +0200</pubDate>
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            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/146.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 146 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2009 13:10:06 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/118-145.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 145 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2009 18:57:11 +0200</pubDate>
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            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/118-144.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 144 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2009 18:55:51 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[&nbsp;hello]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/143.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 143 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2009 18:35:16 +0200</pubDate>
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            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/141.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 141 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 16:23:13 +0200</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ ]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[This is the teaser text]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/140.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 140 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 31 Oct 2009 13:09:41 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/139.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 139 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 29 Oct 2009 13:09:47 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[ssssssssssss]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/138.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 138 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 29 Oct 2009 13:06:12 +0200</pubDate>
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            <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/137.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 137 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 29 Oct 2009 12:13:51 +0200</pubDate>
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            <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/136.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 136 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 14:12:30 +0200</pubDate>
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            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/133.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 133 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 14:01:16 +0200</pubDate>
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            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/53.html]]></link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">article 53 at www.lb.boell.org</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2008 19:03:43 +0200</pubDate>
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            <link><![CDATA[http://www.lb.boell.org/web/45.html]]></link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2008 18:01:59 +0200</pubDate>
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